跳到主要内容

Oracle Linux 安装Mysql

官网：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ 或者：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

更新最新包​

sudo yum update -y

安装常用工具​

sudo yum -y install vim net-tools wget gcc make cmake lrzsz

在线安装​

下载 mysql 源​

从 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 选择我们使用的版本

wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm

安装MySQL源​

sudo rpm -Uvh mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm

检查是否安装成功：执行成功后会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成两个repo文件mysql-community.repo及 mysql-community-source.repo

ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

安装MySQL​

sudo yum install mysql-community-server

管理MySql服务​

#启动：
systemctl start mysqld
#关闭：
systemctl stop mysqld
#状态：
systemctl status mysqld
#重启：
systemctl restart mysqld

查看默认账号和密码：

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep "A temporary password"

若需要使用配置，编辑MySQL配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

保存后重启服务：

systemctl restart mysqld

离线安装(Linux Generic)​

下载安装包​

官方下载下载包：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

这里我们选择

Product Version:8.4.0

Operating System:Linux - Generic

OS Version:Linux - Generic (glibc 2.28) (x86, 64-bit)

下载：mysql-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz 或者使用mysql-8.0.37-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.4/mysql-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

离线解压安装​

mysql安装路径：/usr/local/ 数据存放位置：：/usr/local/data

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
tar -xvJf mysql-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

重命名为mysql

mv mysql-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/{binlog,logs,tmp,data} -p

cd /data
chgrp -R mysql .

cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .

修改环境变量

vim /etc/profile

最后一行加上

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
source /etc/profile

初始化mysql数据库​

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf

8.4.0 之前版本

[mysql]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
datadir = /data
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp
# MySQL启动用户
user = mysql
# 建议禁用符号链接以防止各种安全风险
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
# 服务器的默认排序规则。
collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci
# 默认的身份验证插件。(mysql_native_password,sha256_password,caching_sha2_password)
default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
max_allowed_packet = 16M
# 允许的最大同时客户端连接数。（1-100000）
max_connections = 1000
max_user_connections = 1000 
# 在max_connect_errors之后，来自主机的连续连接请求在没有成功连接的情况下被中断，服务器将阻止该主机进行进一步的连接。
max_connect_errors = 1000000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
# 表名不区分大小写（修改后需要重新初始化mysql）
lower_case_table_names = 1
# 设置sql_mode（没有NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER了）
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
group_concat_max_len=102400
character-set-server = utf8mb4
wait_timeout=1800
tmp_table_size=1G
sort_buffer_size=1048576
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 22G 
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8            
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/logs
gtid-mode=on
log-slave-updates=true
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
binlog-checksum=CRC32
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level=32 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave=on
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.log 
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_cache_size = 2097152
max-binlog-size=1G
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
sync-binlog = 1
binlog_format=row
server-id = 1 # 若部署主从同步时需要修改该id避免重复
log_slave_updates=1
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay_log = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay.log
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 0
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log   
long_query_time = 3

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

8.4.0 及之后的版本

[mysql]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
datadir = /data
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp
# MySQL启动用户
user = mysql
# 建议禁用符号链接以防止各种安全风险
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
# 服务器的默认排序规则。
collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci
# 默认的身份验证插件。(mysql_native_password,sha256_password,caching_sha2_password)
#default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
mysql_native_password=ON
max_allowed_packet = 16M
# 允许的最大同时客户端连接数。（1-100000）
max_connections = 1000
max_user_connections = 1000 
# 在max_connect_errors之后，来自主机的连续连接请求在没有成功连接的情况下被中断，服务器将阻止该主机进行进一步的连接。
max_connect_errors = 1000000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
# 表名不区分大小写（修改后需要重新初始化mysql）
lower_case_table_names=1
# 设置sql_mode（没有NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER了）
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
group_concat_max_len=102400
character-set-server = utf8mb4
wait_timeout=1800
tmp_table_size=1G
sort_buffer_size=1048576
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 22G 
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8            
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/logs
gtid-mode=on
log-slave-updates=true
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
sync-master-info=1
binlog-checksum=CRC32
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level=32 
#rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave=on
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.log 
binlog_cache_size = 2097152
max-binlog-size=1G
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
sync-binlog = 1
binlog_format=row
server-id = 1 # 若部署主从同步时需要修改该id避免重复
log_slave_updates=1
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay_log = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay.log
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 0
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log   
long_query_time = 3

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

初始化配置

chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
chown -R mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

chmod 755 /data
chown -R mysql:mysql /data

# 如果要重新初始化则需要删掉datadir下的所有文件 
rm -rf /data/*
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/logs/*

touch /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
chown -R mysql:mysql  /usr/local/mysql/logs/

# 初始化配置
mysqld  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize

# 映射mysql服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

开启mysql服务

# mysqld_safe方式启动
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql  > /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld_safe.log 2>&1 &

or 或者直接启动

service mysql start
service mysql stop

查询Mysql服务,如果是mysqld_safe方式是查不到的

systemctl status mysql   #查看mysql的服务状态
systemctl restart mysqld  #重启mysql服务

查询使用进程

ps -ef |grep mysql

查看默认账号和密码：

cat /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log | grep "A temporary password"

修改密码和可访问主机地址​

通过本地localhost登录

mysql -uroot -p

修改密码并开启远程访问

-- 先改密码之后才能查询mysql.user
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';
flush privileges;

select host , user , plugin ,authentication_string from mysql.user;

update mysql.user set host = '%',plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
flush privileges;

quit;

放行防火墙​

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

设置自动启动​

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

修改为我们自定义的配置

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.service

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld_safe.log
LimitNOFILE=5000
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
# 重载系统服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 实现开机自启 
systemctl enable mysql

关闭SELINUX：

vim /etc/selinux/config
#SELINUX=enforcing 修改为  SELINUX=disabled

重启服务器验证

reboot
#重新连接服务器，查看mysql 服务的状态：
systemctl status mysql
#查看端口 
netstat -tnap
#查看mysql启动情况
ps aux|grep mysql